For many years, before the advent of renewables, regulating the Swiss grid was, all in all, simpler than it is today. The reason is straightforward: the system relied mainly on dispatchable generation — power plants whose output could be planned and adjusted with good precision. In Switzerland this role was played above all by hydropower, which together with other controllable sources remains a backbone of the system today.
With the arrival of solar PV and wind, the system has become cleaner — but also harder to manage. Sun and wind cannot be commanded: output can rise or fall rapidly, regardless of what the operator wants and independently of consumption.
This is the real shift: whereas most generation used to be concentrated in large, controllable plants, a growing share now comes from many facilities distributed across the country. This makes the grid more modern, but also more nervous and harder to regulate.
And this is where BESS (Battery Energy Storage Systems) come into play.
Bottom line: they are large batteries that can absorb energy when there is too much of it and release it when there is too little. This makes them invaluable in a grid with a lot of variable renewable energy. Their main advantage is speed: a well-integrated battery can react far faster than many traditional technologies, and with great precision. Batteries can also work in both directions, taking energy off the grid when there is a surplus or feeding it in when there is a shortfall. This dual capability is a perfect match for the variability of solar and wind.